postgis-workshop/introduction — Chinese (Simplified) @ OSGeo Weblate: **Spatial data types** refer to shapes such as point, line, …

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	English	Chinese (Simplified)	Actions
	Introduction	介绍
	What is a Spatial Database?	什么是空间数据库？
	PostGIS is a spatial database. Oracle Spatial and SQL Server (2008 and later) are also spatial databases. But what does that mean; what is it that makes an ordinary database a spatial database?	PostGIS 是一个空间数据库。Oracle Spatial 和 SQL Server（2008以及更新的版本）也有空间数据库。但是，具体是什么意思？如何让一个普通的数据库成为空间数据库？
	The short answer, is...	简单的说，那就是：
	Spatial databases store and manipulate spatial objects like any other object in the database.	空间数据库在数据库中，可以像操作普通数据一样操作空间数据对象。
	The following briefly covers the evolution of spatial databases, and then reviews three aspects that associate spatial data with a database -- data types, indexes, and functions.	下面将简要介绍空间数据库的发展，然后回顾将空间数据与数据库关联起来的三个方面——数据类型、索引和函数。
	Spatial data types refer to shapes such as point, line, and polygon;	空间数据类型是指形状，例如点、线、面；
	Multi-dimensional spatial indexing is used for efficient processing of spatial operations;	多维空间索引用于提升空间数据处理的效率;
	Spatial functions, posed in :term:`SQL`, are for querying of spatial properties and relationships.	空间函数，是定义在:term: ' SQL '中，用于处理空间属性和关系。
	Combined, spatial data types, indexes, and functions provide a flexible structure for optimized performance and analysis.	空间数据类型、索引和函数相结合为优化性能和分析提供了灵活的结构。
	In the Beginning	开始
	In legacy first-generation :term:`GIS` implementations, all spatial data is stored in flat files and special :term:`GIS` software is required to interpret and manipulate the data. These first-generation management systems are designed to meet the needs of users where all required data is within the user's organizational domain. They are proprietary, self-contained systems specifically built for handling spatial data.	在早期的第一代地理信息系统 :term:`GIS`实现中，所有的空间数据都存储在平面文件中，需要特殊的 :term:`GIS`软件来解释和操作这些数据。这些第一代的管理系统被设计用来满足用户的需求，其中所有需要的数据都在用户的组织领域内。它们是专门为处理空间数据而构建的专有、自包含的系统。
	Second-generation spatial systems store some data in relational databases (usually the "attribute" or non-spatial parts) but still lack the flexibility afforded with direct integration.	第二代空间系统将一些数据存储在关系数据库中（通常是“属性”或非空间部分），但仍然缺乏直接集成所提供的灵活性。
	True spatial databases were born when people started to treat spatial features as first class database objects.	当人们开始将空间特性视为一等数据库对象时，真正的空间数据库就诞生了。
	Spatial databases fully integrate spatial data with a relational database. The system orientation changes from GIS-centric to database-centric.	空间数据库完全集成空间数据到一个关系型数据库。系统定位变化从GIS中心到数据库中心。
	A spatial database management system may be used in applications besides the geographic world. Spatial databases are used to manage data related to the anatomy of the human body, large-scale integrated circuits, molecular structures, and electro-magnetic fields, among others.	空间数据库管理系统可以用于地理世界之外的应用。空间数据库用于管理与人体解剖、大规模集成电路、分子结构和电磁场等相关的数据。
	Spatial Data Types	空间数据类型
	An ordinary database has strings, numbers, and dates. A spatial database adds additional (spatial) types for representing geographic features. These spatial data types abstract and encapsulate spatial structures such as boundary and dimension. In many respects, spatial data types can be understood simply as shapes.	普通数据库包含字符串、数字和日期。而空间数据库则添加了额外的（空间）类型，用于表示地理要素。这些空间数据类型对地理结构进行了抽象和封装，如边界和维度。在许多方面，空间数据类型可以简单地被理解为形状。
	Spatial data types are organized in a type hierarchy. Each sub-type inherits the structure (attributes) and the behavior (methods or functions) of its super-type.	空间数据类型按类型层次结构进行组织。每个子类型都继承其超类型的结构（属性）和行为（方法或函数）。
	Spatial Indexes and Bounding Boxes	空间索引与边界范围框
	An ordinary database provides indexes to allow for fast and random access to subsets of data. Indexing for standard types (numbers, strings, dates) is usually done with `B-tree <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree>`_ indexes.	一个普通的数据库提供索引，以便快速和随机地访问数据的子集。对于标准类型（数字，字符串，日期）的索引通常使用`B-tree <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree>`_ 索引进行。
	A B-tree partitions the data using the natural sort order to put the data into a hierarchical tree. The natural sort order of numbers, strings, and dates is simple to determine -- every value is less than, greater than or equal to every other value.	B树通过使用自然排序顺序将数据划分到层次树中。数字、字符串和日期的自然排序顺序很容易确定——每个值都小于、大于或等于其他任何值。