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Summary

Project website postgis.net/workshops/postgis-intro
Project maintainers9 User avatar cvvergaraUser avatar dkastlUser avatar komzpaUser avatar astrid_emdeUser avatar dmateosUser avatar jsanzUser avatar andischiUser avatar jefUser avatar yellow73
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Source code repository https://github.com/postgis/postgis-workshops.git
Repository branch master
Last remote commit Update sql cheat sheet with makevalid example 5f99414
Paul Ramsey authored 10/30/2025
Last commit in Weblate Translated using Weblate (Spanish) d58b65f
Weblate authored 09/26/2025
Weblate repository https://weblate.osgeo.org/git/postgis-workshop/index/
File mask postgis-intro/sources/locale/*/LC_MESSAGES/validity.po
Translation file Download postgis-intro/sources/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/validity.po
Last change Oct. 31, 2023, 4:23 a.m.
Last change made by None
Language Japanese
Language code ja
Text direction Left to right
Case sensitivity Case-insensitive
Number of speakers 117,608,755
Number of plurals 1
Plural type None
Plurals
Plural formula 0
02/10/2026

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Translated 100% 34 100% 797 100% 5,076
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Strings with suggestions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
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Changes committed 10/31/2023
User avatar yellow73

Translation changed
What's going on here? The algorithm that calculates area assumes that rings do not self-intersect. A well-behaved ring will always have the area that is bounded (the interior) on one side of the bounding line (it doesn't matter which side, just that it is on *one* side). However, in our (poorly behaved) figure-eight, the bounded area is to the right of the line for one lobe and to the left for the other. This causes the areas calculated for each lobe to cancel out (one comes out as 1, the other as -1) hence the "zero area" result.
ここで何が起こっているのでしょう? 面積計算のアルゴリズムはリングは自己交差インタセクトしない前提で計算しています。行儀の良いリングは常に境界線の一方側 (どちらが内部でもよくて、*一方*でいいです)に (内部に) 区切られた領域を持ちます。しかしながら、行儀の悪い8の字ポリゴン内では、二つある区切られた領域の一つはラインの右側で区切られ、もう一つは左側で区切られます。これによって、両方でキャンセルしあうような面積計算になり (一方が 1 で、もう一方が -1 です)、故に「面積 0」の結果となります。
10/31/2023
User avatar yellow73

Suggestion accepted
What's going on here? The algorithm that calculates area assumes that rings do not self-intersect. A well-behaved ring will always have the area that is bounded (the interior) on one side of the bounding line (it doesn't matter which side, just that it is on *one* side). However, in our (poorly behaved) figure-eight, the bounded area is to the right of the line for one lobe and to the left for the other. This causes the areas calculated for each lobe to cancel out (one comes out as 1, the other as -1) hence the "zero area" result.
ここで何が起こっているのでしょう? 面積計算のアルゴリズムはリングは自己交差しない前提で計算しています。行儀の良いリングは常に境界線の一方側 (どちらが内部でもよくて、*一方*でいいです)に (内部に) 区切られた領域を持ちます。しかしながら、行儀の悪い8の字ポリゴン内では、二つある区切られた領域の一つはラインの右側で区切られ、もう一つは左側で区切られます。これによって、両方でキャンセルしあうような面積計算になり (一方が 1 で、もう一方が -1 です)、故に「面積 0」の結果となります。
10/31/2023
User avatar yellow73

Suggestion accepted
Let's see what the database thinks the area of our polygon is:
データベースがこのポリゴンの面積をどう考えるか見てみましょう:
10/31/2023
User avatar yellow73

Suggestion accepted
The outer ring is actually a figure-eight, with a self-intersection in the middle. Note that the graphic routines successfully render the polygon fill, so that visually it is appears to be an "area": two one-unit squares, so a total area of two units of area.
外側リングは実際に算用数字の8の字になっていて、真ん中で自己接触しています。描画ルーティンはポリゴンの内部の色塗りに成功して、二つの1面積単位の正方形からなり、合計2面積単位となる「領域」が見えていることに注意して下さい。
10/31/2023
User avatar yellow73

Suggestion accepted
You can see the invalidity a little more clearly in this diagram:
この図では、もう少しはっきりと不正性が分かります:
10/31/2023
User avatar yellow73

Suggestion accepted
Here's an example of why structure matters. This polygon is invalid:
構造が重要である理由の例を示します。このポリゴンは不正です:
10/31/2023
User avatar yellow73

Suggestion accepted
The reason the rules are important is because algorithms for geometry calculations depend on consistent structure in the inputs. It is possible to build algorithms that have no structural assumptions, but those routines tend to be very slow, because the first step in any structure-free routine is to *analyze the inputs and build structure into them*.
規則が重要であるのは、ジオメトリ計算用のアルゴリズムが、入力の一貫した構造に依存しているためです。構造についての仮定を持たないアルゴリズムの構築は可能です。しかし、あらゆる構造自由なルーティンの最初に行うことが「入力の解析と構造の組み込み」になるため、これらのルーティンは非常に遅くなる傾向にあります。
10/31/2023
User avatar yellow73

Translation changed
The last three rules are in the arbitrary category. There are other ways to define polygons that are equally self-consistent but the rules above are the ones used by the :term:`OGC` :term:`SFSQL` standard that PostGIS conforms to.
最後の三つの規則は任意カテゴリに含まれます。自己一貫性があるポリゴンを定義する他の方法がありますが、上の規則は、PostGIS がｋ準拠する :term:`OGC` :term:`SFSQL` 標準で使われるものです。
10/31/2023
User avatar yellow73

Suggestion accepted
The last three rules are in the arbitrary category. There are other ways to define polygons that are equally self-consistent but the rules above are the ones used by the :term:`OGC` :term:`SFSQL` standard that PostGIS conforms to.
最後の三つの規則は任意カテゴリに含まれます。自己一貫性があるポリゴンを定義する他の方法がありますが、上の規則は、PostGIS がｋ準拠する :term:`OGC` :term:`SFSQL` 標準で使われるものです。
10/31/2023
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